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1-----Yaw rate sensor and accelerometer 2-----Steering wheel rotation sensor 3-----Hydraulic control unit (HCU) and stability assist module assembly The stability assist module adds a further function known as electronic stability program (ESP) to the anti-lock brake system (ABS) and includes a traction control function. Whereas the ABS prevented wheel lock up during braking, the traction control function controls wheel slip during acceleration (longitudinal dynamics) and the ESP stabilizes the vehicle about its vertical axis. Sensors measure the position of the steering wheel, the pressure in the brake master cylinder, the yaw velocity (yaw rate) and the acceleration transverse to the vehicle (lateral acceleration). This makes it possible to compare the driver's intention with the momentary vehicle behaviour so that in the event of the vehicle becoming unstable, ESP can initiate the appropriate corrective action. The ESP recognizes critical d

The active roll stabilisation of the Mercedes-Benz ACTIVE CURVE SYSTEM boosts driving comfort significantly: When cornering, the stabiliser bars are actively impacted and keep the torsional moment constant.      Enlarge   ACTIVE CURVE SYSTEM      Enlarge   ACTIVE CURVE SYSTEM The roll distribution is variable to enable the vehicle to be adapted to almost any situation. The driver has the feeling of gliding on rails, particularly in vehicles with a high centre of gravity.        Enlarge   ACTIVE CURVE SYSTEM In off-road environments, the system guarantees improved axle roll by decoupling the two stabiliser bars at the front and rear axles.

Inadequate following distances, inattentiveness on the part of the driver and unexpected, abrupt traffic standstills are the most common causes of rear-end collisions. Radar-based DISTRONIC PLUS adaptive cruise control provides a remedy here.    Enlarge DISTRONIC PLUS The system keeps you automatically at a distance from the vehicle in front and makes a major contribution towards minimising the risk of rear-end collisions by identifying potentially dangerous situations and responding accordingly.    Enlarge    Enlarge DISTRONIC PLUS The cutting-edge radar technology employed by DISTRONIC PLUS monitors the situation ahead of the car and is able to recognise an impending accident. Behind the front bumper panels there are two short-range radar sensors covering a range from 20 cm to 30 metres and a scanning angle of 80 degrees. The long-range radar is concealed behind the radiator grille. A special drum technology enables b

The ABS No obvious magnetic sensors check After Halloween , it is the anti-lock brake problems haunt our garages. Why ? As the sensors are the key elements of the system, they are also the most likely to default . The snow mixed with salt gives a saltwater solution that puts to the test the speed sensor wheel, particularly inductive (magnetic) sensor . Text size bigger text smaller text 2008-11-01 Merely enter the vehicle heat will melt the snow on the suspension components . The mixed salt water to seep into the smallest cracks sensors to betray management system . When the vehicle is delivered to the customer , the ABS warning light could suddenly turn . And now back to the studio, not happy at all ! The management system is the first verification of these sensors when the ignition is switched to "on" ( key ON) . The management system then checks if the sensors have a voltage leakage to ground. This is made possible by a low voltage (about 2.5 volts to 5 volts) se

Removal and Installation General Equipment Audio unit removal tools (GV3301) Worldwide Diagnostic System (WDS) NOTICE: If the navigation system display module is to be removed for testing or new component installation, remove any audio media (if possible) from within the navigation system display module and return it to the customer. Failure to follow this instruction may result in damage to the navigation system display module. NOTE: When installing the audio unit removal tools, make sure that the wording on the audio unit removal tools is followed, TOP L (left-hand) indicates the top of the tool, left-hand side of the removal tool and TOP R (right-hand) indicates the top of the tool, right-hand side of the removal tool. 1. Remove the components in the order indicated in the following illustration(s) and table(s). Item Part Number Description 1 - Audio unit removal tools 2 - Navigation system display module See Removal

a Hall effect sensor is a sensor that will allow to measure ( detect ) a change in electromagnetic field, a magnet or a piece of iron magnet (or not) causes a change in the magnetic field , or disturbance power a piece of iron I hope to answer your question

Animated scheme of a four stroke internal combustion engine, Otto principle: Suction stroke - Air and vaporised fuel are drawn in Compression stroke - Fuel vapor and air arecompressed and ignited. Power stroke - Fuel combusts and piston is pushed downwards. Exhaust stroke - Exhaust is driven out.

Variable valve timing (VVT) solenoid One {Acronym.VVT} solenoid is installed for the intake camshaft and one for the exhaust camshaft. The {Acronym.VVT} solenoids are used to regulate the camshaft adjustment units, which in turn adjust the valve timings in the early or late directions. In this way the engine performance is increased and internal exhaust gas recirculation is realized. The {Acronym.VVT} solenoids for the intake and exhaust camshafts differ only in terms of the position of the fastening point by which they are fixed to the camshaft adjustment bridge. Via the {Acronym.VVT} solenoid, under the prevailing EOP , a defined quantity of engine oil is allowed into and out of the camshaft adjustment units. In this way the valve timings are adjusted according to the operating condition of the engine. The {Acronym.VVT} solenoids are actuated via a PWM signal by the PCM . A----Bore hole for connection to chamber A B----Bore

Diagnosis and Testing Inspection and Verification Verify the customer concern by operating the parking brake system. Visually inspect for obvious signs of mechanical or electrical damage. Visual Inspection Chart Mechanical Electrical Parking brake control. REFER to:  Parking Brake Control  (206-05 Parking Brake and Actuation, Removal and Installation). Cable and conduit. REFER to:  Parking Brake Rear Cables  (206-05 Parking Brake and Actuation, Removal and Installation). Parking brake warning circuit. REFER to:  Instrument Panel Cluster (IPC)  (413-01 Instrument Panel Cluster (IPC), Diagnosis and Testing). If an obvious cause for an observed or reported concern is found, correct the cause (if possible) before proceeding to the next step. If the concern is not visually evident, verify the symptom and refer to the Symptom Chart. Symptom Chart Symptom Possible Sources Action The parking brake will not apply * Parking brake

Description and Operation Smart Regenerative Charging Smart Regenerative Charging is an intelligent charge control system that calculates and regulates the set generator voltage. The basic idea of the system is to increase the generator charge voltage when the vehicle is decelerating and reduce it when it is accelerating. This means that during the acceleration phase, there is no additional energy demand as a result of having a high generator load; however generator load is increased when the vehicle is decelerating. This strategy enables further fuel savings to be achieved. Battery Monitoring Sensor The Battery Monitoring Sensor continuously monitors the condition of the battery. The sensor is equipped to vehicles which have Smart Regenerative Charging or Start-Stop. These systems require knowledge of the battery state of charge. The Battery Monitoring Sensor is the sensor used to provide this information. Battery Monitoring Sensor connection The Battery Mo

Rain sensor The automatic windshield wipers must be switched off before the vehicle is driven into a car wash. If the windshield is iced up, the wipers may only be activated by the rain sensor after the windshield has been completely defrosted. The rain sensor is an optical measuring instrument. Contamination such as oil, grease, dust or faulty wiper blades will prevent the system from working properly. Before switching on the automatic windshield wipers, the windshield must be clean in the area of the rain sensor. The rain sensor is built into a housing which is mounted behind the rear view mirror on the windshield. The rain sensor (1) consists of an opto-electronic measuring and evaluation circuit. The sensor can calculate the amount of precipitation falling on the windshield and request that the windshield wipers are switched on. On the basis of the information provided by the rain sensor, the windshield wipers are then set to the required wipe speed by the gen